The use of colourful „villancicos“ (popularly songs and dances) during mass, which became popular during the 17th century is like today’s gospel services: colourful, elated and happy. However the curia did not like mass to be an expression of joy. In the new world matters were different. Without the addition of well-known rhythms the various cultures would never have agreed to attend mass. In 1629 Juan Gutiérrez Padilla was made director of music at the cathedral of Puebla de Los Angeles, the largest chapel in the colonies. In his double-choired mass „Ego flos campi“ he uses the rhythm of xácara, guaracha, negrilla and cumbée and invites Spaniards, Indians and Africans alike to join him at the happy altar. Olé!